Feedstocks Second-generation biofuels

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1 feedstocks

1.1 energy crops
1.2 municipal solid waste
1.3 green waste
1.4 black liquor





feedstocks

second-generation biofuel feedstocks include cereal , sugar crops, grown energy crops, agricultural , municipal wastes, cultivated , waste oils, , algae. land use, existing biomass industries , relevant conversion technologies must considered when evaluating suitability of developing biomass feedstock energy.


energy crops

plants made lignin, hemicellulose , cellulose; second-generation technology uses one, 2 or of these components. common lignocellulosic energy crops include wheat straw, arundo donax, miscanthus spp., short rotation coppice poplar , willow. however, each offers different opportunities , no 1 crop can considered best or worst .


municipal solid waste

municipal solid waste comprises large range of materials, , total waste arisings increasing. in uk, recycling initiatives decrease proportion of waste going straight disposal, , level of recycling increasing each year. however, there remains significant opportunities convert waste fuel via gasification or pyrolysis.


green waste

green waste such forest residues or garden or park waste may used produce biofuel via different routes. examples include biogas captured biodegradable green waste, , gasification or hydrolysis syngas further processing biofuels via catalytic processes.


black liquor

black liquor, spent cooking liquor kraft process contains concentrated lignin , hemicellulose, may gasified high conversion efficiency , greenhouse gas reduction potential produce syngas further synthesis e.g. biomethanol or biodme.


the yield of crude tall oil process in range of 30 – 50 kg / ton pulp.








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