Genetics Nilotic peoples

1 genetics

1.1 y dna
1.2 mtdna
1.3 autosomal dna

genetics
y dna

nilotic men in kapoeta, south sudan.

a y-chromosome study wood et al. (2005) tested various populations in africa paternal lineages, including 26 maasai , 9 luo kenya, , 9 alur democratic republic of congo. signature nilotic paternal marker haplogroup a3b2 observed in 27% of maasai, 22% of alur, , 11% of luo.

according gomes et al. (2010), haplogroup b characteristically nilotic paternal marker. found in 22% of wood et al. s luo samples , 8% of studied maasai. e1b1b haplogroup has been observed @ overall frequencies of around 11% among nilo-saharan-speaking groups in great lakes area, influence concentrated among maasai (50%). indicative of substantial historic gene flow cushitic-speaking males these nilo-saharan-speaking populations. in addition, 67% of alur samples possessed e2 haplogroup.

a study hassan et al. (2008) analysed y-dna of populations in sudan region, various local nilotic groups included comparison. researchers found signature nilotic , b clades common paternal lineages amongst nilo-saharan speakers, except inhabiting western sudan. there, appreciable north african influence noted. haplogroup observed amongst 62% of dinka, 53.3% of shilluk, 46.4% of nuba, 33.3% of nuer, 31.3% of fur , 18.8% of masalit. haplogroup b found in 50% of nuer, 26.7% of shilluk, 23% of dinka, 14.3% of nuba, 3.1% of fur , 3.1% of masalit. e1b1b clade observed in 71.9% of masalit, 59.4% of fur, 39.3% of nuba, 20% of shilluk, 16.7% of nuer, , 15% of dinka. hassan et al. attributed atypically high frequencies of haplogroup in masalit either recent population bottleneck, altered community s original haplogroup diversity, or geographical proximity e1b1b s place of origin in north africa. researchers suggest clade might have been brought sudan [...] after progressive desertification of sahara around 6,000–8,000 years ago . henn et al. (2008) observed afro-asiatic influence in nilotic datog of northern tanzania, 43% of whom carried m293 sub-clade of e1b1b.

mtdna

pokot women trekking through kenya outback.

unlike paternal dna of nilotes, maternal lineages of nilotes in general show low-to-negligible amounts of afro-asiatic , other extraneous influences. mtdna study castri et al. (2008) examined maternal ancestry of various nilotic populations in kenya, turkana, samburu, maasai , luo individuals sampled. mtdna of of tested nilotes belonged various sub-saharan macro-haplogroup l sub-clades, including l0, l2, l3, l4 , l5. low levels of maternal gene flow north africa , horn of africa observed in few groups, via presence of mtdna haplogroup m , haplogroup lineages in 12.5% of maasai , 7% of samburu samples, respectively.

autosomal dna

the autosomal dna of nilotic peoples has been examined in comprehensive study tishkoff et al. (2009) on genetic clusters of various populations in africa. according researchers, nilotes form own african genetic cluster. authors found nilotic populations in eastern great lakes region, such maasai, showed additional afro-asiatic affinities due repeated assimilation of cushitic-speaking peoples on past 5000 or years.