Suzerain Foreign relations of China

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for centuries china had claimed suzerain authority on numerous adjacent areas. areas had internal autonomy forced give tribute china while being theoretically under protection of china in terms of foreign affairs. 19th century relationships nominal, , china exerted little or no actual control. other eastern , western powers did not recognize china s fiefdom , 1 one seized supposed suzerain areas. japan took korea , ryukyus; france took vietnam; britain took upper burma , nepal; russia took parts of siberia. tibet left, , highly problematic since tibetans, of supposed suzerainty, had never accepted chinese claims of lordship , tribute. weakened china s power both regionally , internally.








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