Unequal treaties Foreign relations of China

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a series of perceived unequal treaties , including treaty of nanking (1842), treaties of tianjin (1858), , beijing conventions (1860), forced china open new treaty ports, including canton (guangzhou), amoy (xiamen), , shanghai. treaties allowed british set hong kong colony , established international settlements in treaty ports under control of international peoples. china required accept permanent diplomats @ capital in peking, provided free movement foreign ships in chinese rivers, imposed european regulation of chinese tariffs, , opened interior christian missionaries. since 1920s, unequal treaties have been centerpiece of perceived chinese grievances against west in general.








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