Exile and final years Hugo Kołłątaj

kołłątaj, jan pfeiffer, 1810

in exile, political views radicalized , became involved preparations insurrection. in 1794 took part in kościuszko uprising, co-authoring uprising act (24 march 1794) , połaniec manifesto (7 may 1794), heading supreme national council s treasury department, , backing uprising s left wing of polish jacobins. after suppression of uprising in same year, kołłątaj imprisoned austrians until 1802. in 1805, tadeusz czacki, organized krzemieniec lyceum in wołyń (volhynia). in 1807, after creation of duchy of warsaw, @ first involved in government, excluded through intrigues of political opponents, , afterwards, interned , imprisoned russian authorities until 1808. when released, found himself barred public offices; despite sought present program rebuilding , developing poland (remarks on present position of part of polish lands that, since treaty of tilsit, have come called duchy of warsaw, 1809). in 1809 became member of warsaw society of friends of learning. in years 1809-1810 became once again involved kraków academy, reforming temporarily germanized form.

kołłątaj, jordan park, kraków

borrowing physiocratic idea of physico-moral order , in physico-moral order (1811) kołłątaj created socio-ethical system emphasizing equality amongst people. interested in natural sciences, geology , mineralogy in particular, wrote critical analysis of historical principles regarding origins of humankind, published posthumously in 1842. in work essayed first polish presentation of concepts of social evolution , of geological concepts. work seen important contribution cultural anthropology. in state of education in poland in final years of reign of augustus iii, published posthumously in 1841, argued against jesuit domination in field of education , presented study of history of education.

he died on 28 february 1812, forgotten , abandoned contemporaries. buried @ powązki cemetery.