Recent foreign policy Foreign relations of China

countries of world indicating decade diplomatic relations commenced people s republic of china: 1949/1950s (dark red), 1960s (red), 1970s (orange), 1980s (beige) , 1990s/2000s (yellow). countries not recognized or not recognizing prc in grey.



an air china boeing 777 in china-france 50 years anniversary livery

in recent years, china s leaders have been regular travelers parts of globe, , has sought higher profile in un through permanent seat on united nations security council , other multilateral organizations.

closer home, china has made efforts reduce tensions in asia; relations asian neighbors have become stable during last decades of 20th century. has contributed stability on korean peninsula, cultivated more cooperative relationship members of association of southeast asian nations (asean) (brunei, cambodia, burma, indonesia, laos, malaysia, philippines, singapore, thailand, vietnam), , participated in asean regional forum. in 1997, asean member nations , china, south korea , japan agreed hold yearly talks further strengthen regional cooperation, asean plus 3 meetings. in 2005, asean plus 3 countries india, australia , new zealand held inaugural east asia summit (eas). relations have improved vietnam since border war fought one-time close ally in 1979. territorial dispute southeast asian neighbors on islands in south china sea remains unresolved, dispute in east china sea japan. these conflicts have had negative impact on china s reputation in many parts of world.

china has improved ties russia. president putin , president jiang, in large part serve counterbalance united states, signed treaty of friendship , cooperation in july 2001. 2 joined central asian countries of kazakhstan, kyrgyzstan, tajikistan, , uzbekistan found shanghai cooperation organisation (sco) in june 2001. sco designed promote regional stability , cooperate combat terrorism in region.

relations india have improved considerably. after years of competition, general distrust between 2 (mostly on china s close relationship pakistan , india s former soviet union) , border war, relations in 21st century between world s 2 populous states have never been more harmonious, have started collaborate in several economic , strategic areas. both countries have doubled economic trade in past few years, , china became india s largest trading partner in 2010. 2 countries planning host joint naval exercises. in 2003, china , india held negotiations first time since sino-indian war of 1962 on major border dispute: however, dispute on aksai chin (formerly part of indian state of jammu , kashmir) , south tibet (china) or arunachal pradesh (india) not settled , plagues sino-indian relations. while new delhi has raised objections chinese military-aid arch-rival pakistan , neighbouring bangladesh, beijing objects india s growing military collaboration japan, australia , united states.

china has border , maritime disputes, including vietnam in gulf of tonkin , japan. beijing has resolved many of these disputes. notably on 21 july 2008, russia resolved last remaining border dispute along 4300 km border between 2 countries ceding small amount of territory china. china reached 2000 agreement vietnam resolve differences on maritime borders, though disagreements remain on islands in south china sea.

during late 1990s , 21st century, chinese foreign policy appeared focused on improving relations russia , europe counterbalance united states. strategy based on premise united states hyperpower influence checked through alliances other powers, such russia or european union. assessment of united states power reconsidered after united states intervention in kosovo, , 20th century drew close, discussion among think tanks in china involved how reorient chinese foreign policy in unipolar world. discussion occurred in context of china s new security concept, argued post–cold war era required nations move away thinking in terms of alliances , power blocs , toward thinking in terms of economic , diplomatic cooperation.

hu jintao of china , george w. bush meet while attending apec summit in santiago de chile, 2004.

china had long been close ally of north korea found valuable trading partner in south korea , took role in 2000s proponent of six-party talks (north korea, south korea, russia, japan, united states, , china) resolve tensions on korean peninsula. china instrumental @ brokering talks north korea on nuclear program, , in 2003, there concerted effort china improve relations asean countries , form common east asian market. these foreign policy efforts have been part of general foreign policy initiative known china s peaceful rise. on 15 november 2005, hu jintao visited seoul , spoke of importance of both countries contributions regional peace , cooperation in economic development.

however, china s opposition bid of 2 of important neighbors—india , japan—to become permanent members of united nations security council has proved irritant in respective relationships. japan, large economic , cultural influences in asia, seen china formidable opponent , partner in regional diplomacy. 2 sides established diplomatic relations in 1972, , japanese investment in china important in years of china s economic reforms , ever since.

at national meeting on diplomatic work in august 2004, china s president hu jintao reiterated china continue independent foreign policy of peaceful development, stressing need peaceful , stable international environment, among china s neighbors, foster mutually beneficial cooperation , common development. policy line has varied little in intent since people s republic established in 1949, rhetoric has varied in stridency reflect periods of domestic political upheaval.

in 2005, there talk of european union lifting arms embargo imposed in 1989, united states has objected this.

in 2007, foreign ministry spokesman qin gang made statement eight-point diplomatic philosophy of china:

xi jinping of china , vladimir putin during moscow victory day parade, 9 may 2015

in 2011, foreign minister yang jiechi outlined plans integrated approach serve china s economic development.

in 2016, during 6th plenum, xi jinping has presented efforts greater transparency in decision-making process in local governance, represent effort in establishing positive image of china’s communist party overseas.