Types Fog machine

interior view of fog machine, showing pump , heat exchanger.

heated fog machines use either inert gas or electric pump propel mineral oil, glycol, or glycerin , water mixture heat exchanger, solution vaporized. commonly encountered form of heated fog machine pump machine. basic models of type of machine consist of fluid reservoir, electric pump move fog fluid , heat exchanger vaporizes fluid. more complex models may include variety of other features, including variable speed pumps control output of fog, timer modules, or components remote operation , monitoring of fog machines status. manufacturers have produced accessories , fluids when combined ordinary heated pump machine, create fog effects similar chilled fog machines. gas propelled fog machines use inert gas (most commonly co2 or nitrogen) propel either mineral oil or glycol based fluid heat exchanger vaporized particles, creating fog. models of gas propelled fog machine provide control on output of fog varying volume of gas used propel fluid.

chilled

chilled fog machines designed create thick clouds of fog lie close ground , dissipate rise. typically created using either dry ice, liquid nitrogen, or more liquid air.

generic dry ice machine made 3g. drum.

dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) effects produced heating water or near boiling in suitable container (for example: 55-gallon drum water heater coils in it), , dropping in 1 or more pieces of dry ice. because @ standard temperature , pressure carbon dioxide gas, carbon dioxide sublimates , instantly produces gas, condensing water vapor , creating thick white fog. fan placed @ top of container directs fog needed. liquid nitrogen (n2) used create low lying fog effects in manner similar dry ice. machine heats water @ or near boiling point, creating steam , increasing humidity in closed container. when liquid nitrogen pumped container, moisture rapidly condenses, creating thick white fog. fan placed @ output of container directs fog needed, creating rolling fog lies low ground. liquid air alternative using liquid nitrogen in generating low lying fog effects. liquid air composed of n2 , o2 mixed in ratio of 79% nitrogen , 21% oxygen stored liquid in insulated cylinders. ratio of nitrogen oxygen same of atmospheric air, , indeed liquid air may fabricated liquefying atmospheric air. liquid air can used direct replacement liquid nitrogen in chilled-fog effects , intended used in same manner in same equipment. key advantage on liquid nitrogen presents no asphyxiation hazard, since contains oxygen. disadvantage supports combustion, whereas liquid nitrogen inhibits combustion.