Biography Hugo Kołłątaj

1 biography

1.1 life
1.2 reforms of great sejm
1.3 exile , final years

biography
early life

hugo kołłątaj born on 1 april 1750 in dederkały wielkie in volhynia family of minor polish nobility; afterwards family moved nieciesławice near sandomierz, spent childhood. attended school in pińczów. began studies @ kraków academy (the later jagiellonian university), studied law. afterwards, around 1775 took holy orders, spent time in vienna , italy (naples , rome), encountered enlightenment philosophy. had doctorates philosophy, law , theology.

returning poland, became canon priest in kraków, , parish priest @ krzyżanowice dolne , tuczępy. active in commission of national education , society elementary books, prominent in developing plans expand national network of schools. spent 2 years in warsaw, returned kraków, reformed kraków academy, of board sat 1777, , of rector in 1783-1786. reform of academy substantial; bringing modern standards, or exceeding them. notably, switched latin language in lectures taking place polish language; such move latin national language in higher education still uncommon in europe. reform proved controversial enough intrigue political enemies resulted in temporary removal, under accusation of corruption , immorality, kraków in 1781, although 1782 decision rescinded.

reforms of great sejm

kołłątaj

kołłątaj equally active politically. in 1786 received office of referendary of lithuania, , moved warsaw. became prominent in reform movement, heading informal group left, radical wing of patriotic party, , labelled political enemies kołłątaj s forge . leader of patriotic party during great sejm, set out program in several anonymous letters stanisław małachowski (1788–1789) , in political law of polish nation (1790). in works advocated pro-republican constitutional reform , need social reforms. among goals pursued strengthening of king s position, larger national army, abolishing liberum veto, introduction of universal taxation, , emancipation of both townspeople , peasantry. organizer of townspeople s movement, edited memorial reform demands delivered king during black procession of 1789.

kołłątaj co-authored constitution of 3 may 1791. founded assembly of friends of government constitution assist in document s implementation. in 1786 received order of saint stanislaus , in 1791, order of white eagle. in 1791-92 served crown vice chancellor (podkanclerzy koronny).

during polish-russian war broke out on 3 may constitution (the polish–russian war of 1792), kołłątaj, along other royal advisers, persuaded king stanisław august, himself co-author of constitution, seek compromise opponents , join targowica confederation had been formed bring constitution down. in 1792, upon confederates victory, kołłątaj emigrated leipzig , dresden in saxony, co-authored ignacy potocki on adoption , fall of polish may 3 constitution (1793).

exile , final years

kołłątaj, jan pfeiffer, 1810

in exile, political views radicalized , became involved preparations insurrection. in 1794 took part in kościuszko uprising, co-authoring uprising act (24 march 1794) , połaniec manifesto (7 may 1794), heading supreme national council s treasury department, , backing uprising s left wing of polish jacobins. after suppression of uprising in same year, kołłątaj imprisoned austrians until 1802. in 1805, tadeusz czacki, organized krzemieniec lyceum in wołyń (volhynia). in 1807, after creation of duchy of warsaw, @ first involved in government, excluded through intrigues of political opponents, , afterwards, interned , imprisoned russian authorities until 1808. when released, found himself barred public offices; despite sought present program rebuilding , developing poland (remarks on present position of part of polish lands that, since treaty of tilsit, have come called duchy of warsaw, 1809). in 1809 became member of warsaw society of friends of learning. in years 1809-1810 became once again involved kraków academy, reforming temporarily germanized form.

kołłątaj, jordan park, kraków

borrowing physiocratic idea of physico-moral order , in physico-moral order (1811) kołłątaj created socio-ethical system emphasizing equality amongst people. interested in natural sciences, geology , mineralogy in particular, wrote critical analysis of historical principles regarding origins of humankind, published posthumously in 1842. in work essayed first polish presentation of concepts of social evolution , of geological concepts. work seen important contribution cultural anthropology. in state of education in poland in final years of reign of augustus iii, published posthumously in 1841, argued against jesuit domination in field of education , presented study of history of education.

he died on 28 february 1812, forgotten , abandoned contemporaries. buried @ powązki cemetery.